dry-monads

Functional programming primitives for Ruby — Result (Success/Failure), Maybe (Some/None), Try, Task, and List monads. dry-monads enables railway-oriented programming in Ruby: chain operations where each step can succeed or fail, automatically propagating failures without nested if/else or exception handling. The `do` notation (Dry::Monads::Do) enables clean sequential composition with automatic failure propagation — like async/await but for Result types. Used extensively in Hanami and dry-transaction for composing service objects.

Evaluated Mar 06, 2026 (0d ago) v1.x
Homepage ↗ Repo ↗ Developer Tools ruby functional monads result maybe do-notation dry-rb error-handling railway
⚙ Agent Friendliness
70
/ 100
Can an agent use this?
🔒 Security
94
/ 100
Is it safe for agents?
⚡ Reliability
87
/ 100
Does it work consistently?

Score Breakdown

⚙ Agent Friendliness

MCP Quality
--
Documentation
85
Error Messages
85
Auth Simplicity
100
Rate Limits
100

🔒 Security

TLS Enforcement
98
Auth Strength
95
Scope Granularity
92
Dep. Hygiene
90
Secret Handling
92

No network exposure. Explicit error propagation reduces silent failure security risks. Failure values make error paths auditable. No side effects in pure monadic chains.

⚡ Reliability

Uptime/SLA
88
Version Stability
85
Breaking Changes
82
Error Recovery
92
AF Security Reliability

Best When

You're building complex Ruby service objects or workflows with multi-step error paths and want explicit, composable error handling without exception-based control flow.

Avoid When

Your team isn't familiar with functional programming, you're doing simple Rails CRUD (ActiveRecord exceptions are sufficient), or you need async concurrency (dry-monads is synchronous).

Use Cases

  • Compose multi-step agent workflows in Ruby using Result monad railway — each step returns Success or Failure; the chain stops at first Failure without nested rescue blocks
  • Handle nullable agent data without nil checks using Maybe monad — Some(value) or None propagate through map/bind chains; eliminates NoMethodError on nil in agent data pipelines
  • Build agent service objects with dry-transaction using do notation — each step in the transaction is a Result-returning method; automatic rollback on Failure
  • Wrap risky agent operations (external API calls, file IO) in Try monad — converts exceptions to Failure(exception) values for composable error handling
  • Use Success/Failure pattern matching in Ruby 3.x — dry-monads' Result works with Ruby's case/in pattern matching for ergonomic success/failure branching

Not For

  • Teams unfamiliar with functional programming concepts — monads have a learning curve; developers expecting exception-based error handling find do-notation confusing initially
  • Simple Ruby scripts or models with straightforward logic — the overhead of Result/Maybe types isn't justified for simple CRUD operations without complex error propagation chains
  • Async/concurrent operations — dry-monads are synchronous; use concurrent-ruby, Ractor, or Async gem for concurrent agent operations

Interface

REST API
No
GraphQL
No
gRPC
No
MCP Server
No
SDK
Yes
Webhooks
No

Authentication

Methods: none
OAuth: No Scopes: No

Functional programming library — no auth concepts.

Pricing

Model: open_source
Free tier: Yes
Requires CC: No

dry-monads is MIT licensed, maintained by the dry-rb organization. Free for all use.

Agent Metadata

Pagination
none
Idempotent
Full
Retry Guidance
Not documented

Known Gotchas

  • include Dry::Monads[:result, :do] required per class — monads and do notation must be explicitly included in each class that uses them; forgetting inclusion causes undefined method errors for Success/Failure/yield
  • Do notation yield (not keyword yield) — `value = yield step()` in do notation is not Ruby's block yield; it's dry-monads' Do module method; mixing with actual block yields causes confusing behavior
  • Failure propagates but exceptions don't — Try monad wraps exceptions as Failure; but exceptions raised inside Success/Failure chains (not via Try) still propagate as exceptions and bypass monad railway
  • Pattern matching requires Ruby 3.0+ — `case result; in Success(value)` uses Ruby 3.x pattern matching; older Ruby requires .fmap/.or_else chaining; check Ruby version compatibility for codebase
  • dry-transaction vs dry-monads directly — dry-transaction provides step-by-step DSL for service objects with automatic rollback; dry-monads is lower-level; don't reinvent dry-transaction with raw dry-monads do notation
  • Nested do notation blocks — multiple levels of yielded operations in nested methods; Halt exception from inner do propagates outward; ensure top-level entry point rescues Dry::Monads::Do::Halt and converts to Failure result

Alternatives

Full Evaluation Report

Detailed scoring breakdown, competitive positioning, security analysis, and improvement recommendations for dry-monads.

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Scores are editorial opinions as of 2026-03-06.

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